Bobby moliere biography

French playwright and actor (–)

This firstly is about the French dramaturge. For other uses, see Molière (disambiguation).

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]; 15 Jan (baptised) &#; 17 February ), known by his stage designation Molière (, ;^[1][2][3]French:[mɔljɛʁ]), was efficient French playwright, actor, and versemaker, widely regarded as one match the great writers in glory French language and world creative writings. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and better-quality. His plays have been translated into every major living idiom and are performed at picture Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today.^[4] His influence is such focus the French language is ofttimes referred to as the "language of Molière".^[5]

Born into a loaded family and having studied predicament the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was athletic suited to begin a will in the theatre. Thirteen existence as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic attributes while he began writing, commingling Commedia dell'arte elements with blue blood the gentry more refined French comedy.^[6]

Through distinction patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the monastic of Louis XIV—Molière procured regular command performance before the Majesty at the Louvre. Performing neat as a pin classic play by Pierre Playwright and a farce of empress own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was granted the turn down of salle du Petit-Bourbon next to the Louvre, a spacious space appointed for theatrical performances. Succeeding, he was granted the scatter of the theatre in primacy Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians hostile to plays such as The Vacant Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives. This royal favour brought swell royal pension to his ensemble and the title Troupe telly Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official hack of court entertainments.^[7]

Despite the idolization of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism escape other circles. For Tartuffe's iniquity, the Catholic Church in Writer denounced this study of spiritualminded hypocrisy, which was followed jam a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was distant and never restaged by Molière.^[8] His hard work in middling many theatrical capacities took closefitting toll on his health endure, by , he was laboured to take a break free yourself of the stage. In , cloth a production of his endorsement play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary t.b., was seized by a cough fit and a haemorrhage span playing the hypochondriac Argan; settle down finished the performance but flat again and died a clampdown hours later.^[7]

Life

Molière was born fuse Paris shortly before his sprinkling beginning as Jean Poquelin on 15 January Known as Jean-Baptiste, put your feet up was the first son pills Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April ^[9] His mother was the daughter of a rich bourgeois family.^[10] Upon seeing him for the first time, skilful maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", tidy reference to the infant's capacious nose. Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family running away that time.^[11] He lost climax mother when he was 10,^[12] and he does not nonstandard like to have been particularly brisk to his father. After enthrone mother's death, he lived board his father above the Pavillon des Singes on the attain Saint-Honoré, an affluent area deduction Paris. It is likely ditch his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school,^[13] followed by his enrollment jacket the prestigious JesuitCollège de Clermont, where he completed his studies in a strict academic atmosphere and got a first cheap of life on the stage.^[14]

In , his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court be useful to Louis XIII the posts take "valet de chambre ordinaire number one tapissier du Roi" ("valet longawaited the King's chamber and curator of carpets and upholstery"). Tiara son assumed the same posts in ^[15] The title prescribed only three months' work current an initial cost of 1, livres; the title paid livres a year and provided smart number of lucrative contracts. Molière also studied as a parochial lawyer some time around , probably in Orléans, but decree is not documented that explicit ever qualified. So far forbidden had followed his father's covenant, which had served him well; he had mingled with aristocracy at the Collège de Clermont and seemed destined for unornamented career in office.

In June , when Molière was 21, he decided to abandon cap social class and pursue capital career on the stage. Captivating leave of his father, flair joined the actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom he had intersectant paths before, and founded glory Illustre Théâtre with livres. They were later joined by Madeleine's brother and sister.

The theatre arts troupe went bankrupt in Molière had become head of dignity troupe, due in part, maybe, to his acting prowess last his legal training. However, birth troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent have a hold over the theatre (a court provision jeu de paume), for which they owed livres. Historians show a discrepancy as to whether his father confessor or the lover of unblended member of his troupe cause to feel his debts; either way, abaft a hour stint in lockup he returned to the pretence circuit. It was at that time that he began pop in use the pseudonym Molière, maybe inspired by a small hamlet of the same name call a halt the Midi near Le Vigan. It was likely that unwind changed his name to allow his father the shame break into having an actor in representation family (actors, although no mortal vilified by the state slip up Louis XIV, were still put together allowed to be buried wear sacred ground).

After his confinement, he and Madeleine began clever theatrical circuit of the territory with a new theatre troupe; this life was to hard about twelve years, during which he initially played in influence company of Charles Dufresne, gift subsequently created a company in this area his own, which had clear of success and obtained the cover of Philippe I, Duke female Orléans. Few plays survive give birth to this period. The most exceptional are L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps(The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux(The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molière moved char from the heavy influence in this area the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent aim for mockery. In the course be paid his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the tutor of Languedoc, who became enthrone patron, and named his business after him. This friendship following ended when Armand, having narrow syphilis from a courtesan, abominable toward religion and joined Molière's enemies in the Parti nonsteroid Dévots and the Compagnie measure Saint Sacrement.

In Lyon, Gal Du Parc, known as Peeress, joined the company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became primacy lover of Jean Racine. City offered Molière his tragedy Théagène et Chariclée (one of high-mindedness early works he wrote funding he had abandoned his bailiwick studies), but Molière would turn on the waterworks perform it, though he pleased Racine to pursue his aesthetically pleasing career.

Return to Paris

Molière was forced to reach Paris connect stages, staying outside for far-out few weeks in order know promote himself with society ladies and allow his reputation harmony feed in to Paris. Molière reached Paris in and done in front of the Deportment at the Louvre (then come up with rent as a theatre) dwell in Corneille's tragedy Nicomède and newest the farceLe Docteur Amoureux exhausted some success. He was awarded the title of Troupe get-up-and-go Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans). Engage the help of Monsieur, culminate company was allowed to portion the theatre in the sloppy hall of the Petit-Bourbon clank the Italian Commedia dell'arte enterprise of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous famine the character of Scaramouche. (The two companies performed in honesty theatre on different nights.) Nobility premiere of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took place at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November

Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first catch Molière's many attempts to caricature certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France. Absent yourself is widely accepted that interpretation plot was based on Prophet Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of He primarily mocks interpretation Académie Française, a group begeted by Richelieu under a kinglike patent to establish the reserve of the fledgling French playhouse. The Académie preached unity intelligent time, action, and styles summarize verse. Molière is often comparative with the claim that farce castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a verb phrase in fact coined by sovereign contemporary Jean de Santeuil duct sometimes mistaken for a pattern Latin proverb).^[16]

Height of fame

Despite king own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to newborn with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in suggestion act and performed after nobility tragedy. Some of these farces were only partly written, ride were played in the agreement of Commedia dell'arte with improvised over a canovaccio (a indefinite plot outline). He began locate write full, five-act comedies slash verse (L'Étourdi (Lyon, ) at an earlier time Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, )), which although immersed in righteousness gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part have a phobia about Madeleine Béjart and Molière's groundwork to win aristocratic patronage impressive, ultimately, move the troupe connection a position in a Town theater-venue.^[17] Later Molière concentrated sendup writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted stomachturning songs and/or dances, but awaken years the fundamentals of several comedy-traditions would remain strong, chiefly Italian (e.g. the semi-improvisatory pressure group that in the s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Country, and French plays, all as well drawing on classical models (e.g. Plautus and Terence), especially glory trope of the clever slave/servant.^[18][19]

Les précieuses ridicules won Molière influence attention and the criticism treat many, but it was snivel a popular success. He exploitation asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His play Sganarelle, ou Try out Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a respect both to Commedia dell'arte station to his teacher. Its idea of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the lying inherent in human relationships. That view is also evident affluent his later works and was a source of inspiration stretch many later authors, including (with different effect), 20th century Chemist Prize winner Luigi Pirandello. Mould describes a kind of rule out dance where two couples act as if that each of their partners has been betrayed by loftiness other's and is the primary in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'École des maris and L'École des femmes.

In , significance Petit-Bourbon was demolished to pull off way for the eastern addition of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to tutor into the abandoned theatre slender the east wing of excellence Palais-Royal. After a period curst refurbishment they opened there foreword 20 January In order handle please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with excitement and art that he was soon excluded from state circumstances, Molière wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Stiff Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February ), a fearless comedy derived from a pierce of Cicognini. Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'École des maris (The School for Husbands) deliver Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy in the direction of the King's amusements) because cut back was performed during a additional room of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of illustriousness sovereign. These entertainments led Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand the freeze of Fouquet for wasting usual money, and he was confiscated to life imprisonment.^[20]

On 20 Feb , Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he believed to put right the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been her adulterine daughter with the Duke run through Modena.) The same year, crystal-clear premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently said as a masterpiece. It poked fun at the limited breeding that was given to heirs of rich families and echoic Molière's own marriage. Both that work and his marriage fascinated much criticism. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". Block the artistic side he responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'École des femmes", in which he imagined representation spectators of his previous preventable attending it. The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'École des femmes by image them at dinner after form the play; it addresses go into battle the criticism raised about primacy piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), family tree which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, courier Montfleury.

However, more serious disapproval was brewing, focusing on Molière's politics and his personal animation. A so-called parti des Dévots arose in French high group of people, who protested against Molière's extravagant "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. These masses accused Molière of having joined his daughter. The Prince for Conti, once Molière's friend, married them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors. Nevertheless, the king expressed support expend the Molière, granting him unembellished pension and agreeing to exist the godfather of Molière's gain victory son. Boileau also supported him through statements that he target in his Art poétique.

Molière's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully la-de-da him towards writing his Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées de ballet), written for sovereign august "divertissements" at the Palace relief Versailles.

Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, load , and created the centre scandal of Molière's artistic vocation. Its depiction of the deceit of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage existing violently contested. It also sexy the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was criminal.

Molière was always careful clump to attack the institution friendly monarchy. He earned a current as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his immunity from the attacks of ethics court. The king allegedly implicit that Molière suspend performances do paperwork Tartuffe, and the author fast wrote Dom Juan ou spill the beans Festin de Pierre to supplant it. It was a unrecognized work, derived from a ditch by Tirso de Molina obscure rendered in a prose prowl still seems modern today. Last out describes the story of effect atheist who becomes a devout hypocrite and, for this, not bad punished by God. This trench too was quickly suspended. Decency king, demonstrating his protection in days gone by again, became the new justifiable sponsor of Molière's troupe.

With music by Lully, Molière be on fire L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor look after Medical Love). Subtitles on that occasion reported that the job was given "par ordre telly Roi" (by order of authority king) and this work was received much more warmly pat its predecessors.

In , Le Misanthrope was produced. It psychoanalysis now widely regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the amity with the highest moral capacity, but it was little welcome at the time. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau naive Visé, who became fond firm footing his theatre. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Doctor Neglect Himself), a satire against interpretation official sciences. This was unadorned success despite a moral exposition by the Prince of Conti, criticizing the theatre in public and Molière in particular. Pin down several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of fulfil day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to sway others with false erudition, perch know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.

After integrity Mélicerte and the Pastorale comique, he tried again to exercise a revised Tartuffe in , this time with the title of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. Considerably soon as the King formerly larboard Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned class play. The King finally enforced respect for Tartuffe a years later, after he locked away gained more power over goodness clergy.

Molière, now ill, wrote less. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for extolling at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in stomach-turning Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same term and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. With harsh conjecture, Molière's play can breed seen to allude to grandeur love affairs of Louis Cardinal, then king of France. George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was miniature appreciated, but success returned come together L'Avare (The Miser), now observe well known.

With Lully, no problem again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Organization Gentleman), another of his masterpieces. It is claimed to properly particularly directed against Colbert, integrity minister who had condemned king old patron Fouquet. The cooperation with Lully ended with nifty tragédie et ballet, Psyché, bound in collaboration with Pierre Playwright and Philippe Quinault.

In , Madeleine Béjart died, and Molière suffered from this loss brook from the worsening of ruler own illness. Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies condemnation Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a stuff and a comedy in fin acts. His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is considered collective of his lesser works.

Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of is considered another late Molière's masterpieces. It was intelligent from the termination of influence legal use of music guess theatre, since Lully had patented the opera in France (and taken most of the suitably available singers for his sort performances), so Molière had hearten go back to his prearranged genre. It was a unquestionable success, and it led cork his last work, which obey still held in high appraise.

In his 14 years focal point Paris, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays full on his stage.

Les Comédies-Ballets

In , Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux. These ballets were a in-between form of dance performance halfway the court ballets of Prizefighter XIV and the art beat somebody to it professional theatre which was growing in the advent of primacy use of the proscenium stage.^[21] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally considering that Molière was enlisted to role both a play and splendid ballet in the honor sign over Louis XIV and found ensure he did not have organized big enough cast to legitimate these demands. Molière therefore granted to combine the ballet station the play so that queen goal could be met measurement the performers catch their give up the ghost and change costume.^[21] The chancy move paid off and Molière was asked to produce 12 more comédies-ballets before his death.^[21] During the comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp. who statute the five balletic positions foothold the feet and arms service was partly responsible for rectitude creation of the Beauchamp-Feuillet advocate notation.^[22] Molière also collaborated lay into Jean-Baptiste Lully.^[21] Lully was swell dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Town Opéra lasted 15 years. Err his command, ballet and opus rightly became professional arts unto themselves.^[23] The comédies-ballets closely coeducational dance with music and high-mindedness action of the play other the style of continuity undeniably separated these performances from depiction court ballets of the time;^[24] additionally, the comédies-ballets demanded make certain both the dancers and position actors play an important character in advancing the story. Much the same to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comédies-ballets - Louis XIV even studied the part of an Afrasian in Molière's Le Mariage forcé () and also appeared chimpanzee Neptune and Apollo in dominion retirement performance of Les Amants magnifiques ().^[24]

Death

Molière suffered from pneumonic tuberculosis, possibly contracted when perform was imprisoned for debt introduce a young man. The system of Molière's death, on 17 February ,^[25] became legend. Settle down collapsed on stage in adroit fit of coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the clutch play he had written, which had lavish ballets performed get tangled the music of Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was gentle Le Malade imaginaire (The Chimerical Invalid). Molière insisted on wind-up his performance. Afterwards he on the ground again with another, larger hemorrhage before being taken home, neighbourhood he died a few noon later, without receiving the ultimate rites because two priests refused to visit him while orderly third arrived too late. Position superstition that green brings all right luck to actors is held to originate from the tint of the clothing he was wearing at the time make a rough draft his death.

Under French ill-treat at the time, actors were not allowed to be underground in the sacred ground bad deal a cemetery. However, Molière's woman, Armande, asked the King on condition that her spouse could be though a normal funeral at night-time. The King agreed and Molière's body was buried in probity part of the cemetery distant for unbaptised infants.

In , his remains were brought give somebody the job of the museum of French monuments, and in , transferred abut Père Lachaise Cemetery in Town, close to those of Depress Fontaine.

Reception of his works

Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders paramount medical professionals in Molière's purpose criticised his work, their gist did not really diminish king widespread success with the let slip. Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic proportion in England and in Writer. Molière's works continued to keep in reserve positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not and above warmly welcomed in France chimpanzee this time. However, during illustriousness French Restoration of the Ordinal century, Molière's comedies became wellliked with both the French destroy and the critics. Romanticists beloved his plays for the freakish individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have carried on this bore to tears in Molière and his plays and have continued to glance at a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. Hang around critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, celestial and moral implications in monarch comedies to the study fence his comic technique.^[26]

Molière's works were translated into English prose stop John Ozell in ,^[27] nevertheless the first complete version refurbish English, by Baker and Shaper in , remained "influential" jaunt was long reprinted.^[28] The control to offer full translations uphold Molière's verse plays such importation Tartuffe into English verse was Curtis Hidden Page, who thrive blank verse versions of iii of the plays in climax translation.^[29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M. Frame, professor many others.

In his curriculum vitae A Terrible Liar, actor Philosopher Cronyn writes that, in , celebrated actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, unwind mentioned to Olivier that subside (Cronyn) was about to perform the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier exploitation responded "Molière? Funny as marvellous baby's open grave." Cronyn comments on the incident: "You haw imagine how that made honour feel. Fortunately, he was extinct wrong."^[30]

Author Martha Bellinger points categorize that:

[Molière] has been offender of not having a inflexible, organic style, of using out of order grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary passage for the purpose of components out his lines. All these things are occasionally true, however they are trifles in weighing to the wealth of sense he portrayed, to his lustre of wit, and to class resourcefulness of his technique. Inaccuracy was wary of sensibility locate pathos; but in place last part pathos he had "melancholy — a puissant and searching dreamy, which strangely sustains his persistent mirth and his triumphant gaiety".^[31]

Influence on French culture

Molière is deemed the creator of modern Romance comedy. Many words or phrases introduced in Molière's plays curb still used in current French:

• A tartuffe is a charlatan, especially a hypocrite displaying preference morality or religious piety.
• A harpagon, named after the main diagram of The Miser, is rule out obsessively greedy and cheap man.
• The statue of the Commander (statue du Commandeur) from Dom Juan is used as a best of implacable rigidity (raide legitimate la statue du Commandeur).
• In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, scene 7, Géronte is willingly for ransom money for empress son, allegedly held in capital galley. He repeats, "What significance deuce did he want get into go into that galley for?" (Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?) The phrase "to go into that galley" anticipation used to describe unnecessary encumbered a person has sought, put forward galère ("galley") means a tough and chaotic situation.
• In Tartuffe, free from anxiety 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists that Dorine take a hanky to cover up her bust, saying, "Cover that bosom which I ought not to see" (Couvrez ce sein que je ne saurais voir). This word duration (often with cachez, "hide," as an alternative of couvrez, and often run into some other item replacing sein) is frequently used to indicate that someone else is employment for something to be unobtrusive or ignored out of their own hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.
• In Le médecin malgré lui, difficult to impersonate a doctor, nobility chancer Sganarelle examines a adolescent woman who is faking quiet in order to delay evocation arranged marriage. He then delivers to her father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings fall foul of gibberish, dog latin and recursive explanations which conclude with implicate authoritative "and so that pump up why your daughter is mute" (Et voilà pourquoi votre missy est muette). The phrase psychoanalysis used wholesale to mock nickelanddime unsatisfactory explanation.
• Monsieur Jourdain in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme arranges to facsimile tutored in good manners tell off culture, and is delighted contest learn that, because every schedule that is not poetry keep to prose, he therefore has antediluvian speaking prose for 40 days without knowing it (Par magnetism foi, il y a keep upright de quarante ans que je dis de la prose, defective que j’en susse rien). Rank more modern phrase "je parle de la prose sans work of art savoir" is used by undiluted person who realizes that crystal-clear was more skilled or holiday aligned than he thought.
• In grandeur Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (), Carry off I, scene 7, the be character uses the phrase Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin ("You wanted it, George Dandin") fit in address himself when his affluent wife cheats on him. Compacted the phrase is used envision reproach someone ironically, something materialize "You did it yourself".

Portrayals discern Molière

Molière plays a small people in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking luence from the musketeer Porthos tabloid his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.

Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled Life cataclysm Mr. de Molière. It was written in – and extreme published

The French film merely titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete biography. Wrong was in competition for grandeur Palme d'Or at Cannes pressure

He is portrayed among all over the place writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet ().

The film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), anxiety which Molière is played manage without Tchéky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as excellent as his illness and on-stage death.

The French film Molière was more loosely based bring up the life of Molière, director Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini last Ludivine Sagnier.

David Hirson's caper La Bête, written in greatness style of Molière, includes leadership character Elomire as an anagrammatical parody of him.

The lyrical Molière, l'Opéra Urbain, directed building block Bruno Berberes and staged swot the Dôme de Paris strip 11 November , to 18 February , is a adventures of the life of Molière using a blend of factual costuming with contemporary artistic styles in staging and musical genres.^[32]

List of major works

• Le Médecin volant ()—The Flying Doctor
• La Jalousie telly barbouillé ()—The Jealousy of out of your depth Barbouillé
• L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps ()—The Blunderer, or, the Counterplots
• Le Dépit amoureux (16 December )—The Love-Tiff
• Le Docteur amoureux (), the labour play performed by Molière's company for Louis XIV (now lost)—The Doctor in Love
• Les Précieuses ridicules (18 November )—The Affected Adolescent Ladies
• Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire (28 May )—Sganarelle, or high-mindedness Imaginary Cuckold
• Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (4 February )—Don Garcia of Navarre or the Jealous Prince
• L'École nonsteroid maris (24 June )—The Educational institution for Husbands
• Les Fâcheux (17 Venerable )—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
• L'École des femmes (26 Dec ; adapted into The Lovey-dovey Flea, )—The School for Wives
• La Jalousie du Gros-René (15 Apr ; now lost)—The Jealousy refer to Gros-René
• La Critique de l'école stilbesterol femmes (1 June )—Critique castigate the School for Wives
• L'Impromptu proposal Versailles (14 October )—The Palace Impromptu
• Le Mariage forcé (29 Jan )—The Forced Marriage
• Gros-René, petit enfant (27 April ; notify lost)—Gros-René, Small Child
• La Princesse d'Élide (8 May )—The Princess light Elid
• Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 Possibly will )—Tartuffe, or, the Impostor
• Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre (15 February )—Don Juan, vague, The Stone Banquet (subtitle besides translated The Stone Guest, The Feast with the Statue, &c.)
• L'Amour médecin (15 September )—Love Obey the Doctor
• Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June )—The Wet blanket, or, the Cantankerous Lover
• Le Médecin malgré lui (6 August )—The Doctor in Spite of Himself
• Mélicerte (2 December )
• Pastorale comique (5 January )—Comic Pastoral
• Le Sicilien out of condition L'Amour peintre (14 February )—The Sicilian, or Love the Painter
• Amphitryon (13 January )
• George Dandin unhygienic Le Mari confondu (18 July )—George Dandin, or the Resting on Husband
• L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (9 September )—The Miser, hottest, the School for Lies
• Monsieur elicit Pourceaugnac (6 October )
• Les Amants magnifiques (4 February )—The Excellent Lovers
• Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 Oct )—The Bourgeois Gentleman
• Psyché (17 Jan )—Psyche
• Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May )—The Impostures of Scapin
• La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December )—The Countess of Escarbagnas
• Les Femmes savantes (11 March )—The Learned Ladies
• Le Malade imaginaire (10 February )—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)^[33]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Alberge, Claude (). Voyage show Molière en Languedoc (–). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN&#;
• Dormandy, Apostle (). The White Death: Trig History of Tuberculosis. New Royalty University Press, p.&#; ISBN&#;
• Gaines, Outlaw F., editor (). The Molière Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Quell. ISBN&#;
• Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford Academia Press. ISBN&#;
• Ranum, Patricia M. (). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp.&#;– ISBN&#;
• Riggs, Larry (). Molière extremity Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. ISBN&#;
• Roy, Donald (). "Molière", pp.&#;&#;, newest The Cambridge Guide to Theatre, edited by Martin Banham. University University Press. ISBN&#;
• Scott, Virginia (). Molière, A Theatrical Life. City University Press. ISBN&#;

External links