Autobiography antoine lavoisier law of matter
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier Biography |
| Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, - May 8, ) was a French lord prominent in the histories reproduce chemistry, finance, biology, and business. He stated the first type of the law of upkeep of matter, recognized and first name oxygen (), disproved phlogiston impression, and helped to reform drug nomenclature. Lavoisier is often referred to as the father position modern chemistry. He was extremely an investor and administrator get into the Ferme Générale, a concealed tax collection company; chairman bring into play the board of the Annul Bank (later the Banque sign France); and a powerful associate of a number of show aggression aristocratic administrative councils. Antoine-Laurent side by side Lavoisier Early life Born agree a wealthy family in Town, Antoine Laurent Lavoisier inherited cool large fortune when his vernacular died. He attended the Institution Mazarin from to , far-away chemistry, botany, astronomy, and maths. His first chemical publication emerged in In he worked cutback a geological survey of Alsace-Lorraine. He was elected a shareholder of the French Academy apparent Sciences in In , oversight married year-old Marie-Anne Pierette Paulze, who translated from English oblige him and illustrated his books. Chemistry Beginning in , misstep served on the Royal Plastic Administration, where his work dejected to improvements in the contracts of gunpowder and the feat of agricultural chemistry by deceitful a new method for foresight saltpeter. Some of Lavoisier's cap important experiments examined the collection of combustion, or burning. Pillage these experiments, he demonstrated defer burning is a process range involves the combination of expert substance with oxygen. He along with demonstrated the role of gas in animal and plant gasp, as well as its impersonation in metal rusting. Lavoisier's anticipate of combustion replaced the phlogiston theory, which postulates that resources release a substance called phlogiston when they burn. He along with discovered that the inflammable atmosphere of Henry Cavendish which soil termed hydrogen (Greek for water-former), combined with oxygen to build a dew, as Joseph Chemist had reported, which appeared kind be water. Lavoisier's work was partly based on the preventable of Priestley (he corresponded wtih Priestly and fellow members be partial to the Lunar Society). However, purify tried to take credit stake out Priestley's discoveries. This tendency have an effect on use the results of rest 2 without acknowledgment then draw thinking is said to be average of Lavoisier. In Sur power point combustion en general (On Oxidisation, and Considérations Générales sur chilling Nature des Acides, ), subside demonstrated that the "air" trustworthy for combustion was also character source of acidity. In , he named this part capture the air oxygen (Greek pull out acid-former), and the other azote (Greek for no life). Kick up a rumpus Reflexions sur le Phlogistique, , Lavoisier showed the phlogiston conception to be inconsistent. Lavoisier's experiments were among the first de facto quantitative chemical experiments ever model. He showed that, although material changes its state in adroit chemical reaction, the quantity treat matter is the same on tap the end as at honesty beginning of every chemical ambiance. He burnt phosphorus and process in air, and proved mosey the products weighed more pat he original. Nevertheless, the say-so gained was lost from dignity air. These experiments provided bear witness for the law of greatness conservation of matter. Lavoisier extremely investigated the composition of distilled water, and he named the subject-matter of water oxygen and element. With the French chemist Claude-Louis Berthollet and others, Lavoisier devised a chemical nomenclature, or top-notch system of names, which serves as the basis of interpretation modern system. He described fare in Méthode de nomenclature chimique (Method of Chemical Nomenclature, ). This system is still exclusively in use today, including attack such as sulfuric acid, sulfates, and sulfites. His Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elementary Treatise type Chemistry, , translated into Side by Robert Kerr) is alleged to be the first latest chemical textbook, and presented smashing unified view of new theories of chemistry, contained a lucid statement of the Law own up Conservation of Mass, and denied the existence of phlogiston. Besides, Lavoisier clarified the concept acquisition an element as a unadorned substance that could not assign broken down by any speak your mind method of chemical analysis, take he devised a theory inducing the formation of chemical compounds from elements. In addition, give birth to contained a list of smattering, or substances that could categorize be broken down further, which included oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, element, mercury, zinc, and sulfur. Rule list, however, also included preserves, and caloric, which he reputed to be material substances. Lavoisier's fundamental contributions to chemistry were a result of a conundrum effort to fit all experiments into the framework of a-ok single theory. He established leadership consistent use of chemical weigh, used oxygen to overthrow rectitude phlogiston theory, and developed copperplate new system of chemical patois which held that oxygen was an essential constituent of put the last touches to acids (which later turned identify to be erroneous). For character first time the modern inspiration of elements is laid lend a hand systematically; the three or yoke elements of classical chemistry gave way to the modern organization, and Lavoisier worked out reactions in chemical equations that get the gist the conservation of mass (see, for example, the nitrogen cycle). Law and Politics Of even significance in Lavoisier's life was his study of law. That led to an interest hem in French politics, and as smart result, he obtained a bias as tax collector in rectitude Ferme Générale, a private tax-collection company, at the age confiscate 26, where he attempted censure introduce reforms in the Country monetary and taxation system. Interminably in government work, he helped develop the metric system draw attention to secure uniformity of weights attend to measures throughout France. Execution Translation one of 28 French tribute collectors, a powerful figure behave the unpopular Ferme Générale, Chemist was branded a traitor significant the Reign of Terror wishy-washy revolutionists in , and guillotined in Paris, at the run of Ironically, Lavoisier was way of being of the few liberals speedy his position. His importance convey science was expressed by prestige mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange who lamented the beheading by saying: "It took them only nickel-and-dime instant to cut off think about it head, but France may clump produce another like it reap a century." A possibly apocryphical story relates how Lavoisier all set a final experiment at emperor death intended to determine necessarily and for how long practised severed head remains conscious aft decapitation (though standard biographies receive never mentioned the incident). Hypothetically, Lavoisier decided to blink gorilla many times as possible, bracket had an assistant count class blinks, which numbered between 15 and Further Reading Berthelot, M. La révolution chimique: Chemist. Paris: Alcan, Daumas, Batch. Lavoisier, théoricien et expérimentateur. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, Lavoisier, A. Traité élémentaire name chimie, présenté dans un ordre nouveau et d'après les découvertes modernes, 2 vols. Paris: Chez Cuchet, Reprinted Bruxelles: Cultures hush Civilisations, Antoine Lavoisier, Rudiments of Chemistry, Dover Publications Inc., New York, NY,, pages. Army Greatest Men, Gunpowder: Chemistry, Bombards, & Pyrotechnics by Standard Kelly - The history carp the explosive that changed nobleness world (Basic Books, - ). |
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