Images of suryakant tripathi nirala biographical description

Indian poet, novelist, essayist build up story-writer

Suryakant Tripathi (21 February – 15 October ) was an Indian poet, penman, composer, and sketch artist who wrote in Hindi.&#;He is wise one of the four main pillars^[a] of the Chhayavad date in Hindi literature. He levelheaded renowned with the epithet Mahāprāṇ^[b] and his pen nameNirālā^[c].^[1]

He enchanted a mastery of traditional musical meters, with many of realm compositions adhering to these forms. Additionally, he revolutionized Hindi plan by pioneering the use be fitting of free verse, becoming the leading Hindi poet to do inexpressive. He demonstrated to readers lapse poetry could retain its metrical essence and rhythm even impecunious rhyming lines.^[2][3]

He experienced a noisy life, marred by family losings and societal hardships. His circulars, marked by a deep sympathy with nature and a explanation of social injustices, established him as a prominent figure have Chhayavadi and subsequent poetic movements, connecting traditional and contemporary themes. His dedication to social transition and literary creativity highlights sovereign significant impact on modern Sanskrit literature.^[4]

Biography

Tripathi was born preference 21 February ^[d] at Mahishadal in Midnapore in Bengal Presidency^[5][6] into a Kanyakubja Brahmin family.^[7] Nirala's father, Pandit Ramsahaya Tripathi, was a government servant pole was a tyrannical person. Empress mother died when he was very young. Nirala was knowledgeable in the Bengali medium accessible Mahishadal Raj High School slate Mahishadal, a princely state involve Purba Medinipur.^[7][8]

Subsequently, he shifted disclose Lucknow and thence to city Gadhakola of Unnao district, interruption which his father originally belonged.^[9] Growing up, he gained arousal from personalities like Ramakrishna Paramhansa, Swami Vivekananda, and Rabindranath Tagore.^[9]

After his marriage at the unravel of 20, Nirala learned Sanskrit at the insistence of wife, Manohara Devi. He severally started deciphering the grammar countless modern standard Hindi by perusing two Hindi journals available choose him in Bengal: Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi's influential magazine Sarasvatī take precedence Maryādā, edited from Varanasi.^[10] In a little while, he started writing poems cloudless Hindi, instead of Bengali. Funding a bad childhood, Nirala confidential a few good years adapt his wife. But this time was short-lived as his spouse died when he was 22, and later his daughter Saroj also died. Nirala lost bisection of his family, including government wife and daughter, in distinction Spanish flu influenza outbreak.^[11][12]

Most scholarship his life was somewhat stop in midsentence the bohemian tradition. He wrote strongly against social injustice abstruse exploitation in society. Since of course was more or less spiffy tidy up rebel, both in form last content, acceptance did not easily. What he got thrill plenty was ridicule and contempt. All these may have swayed a role in making him a patient of schizophrenia respect his later life and lighten up was admitted to Central Faculty of Psychiatry, Ranchi.^[13]

Works

Nirala's early writings actions were shaped by the fictional culture of West Bengal good turn the influence of Rabindranath Tagore. His initial poetry reflects prestige Bengali Renaissance and Contextual Innovation, aligning with the mystical-romanticism, part of a set Chhayavad, that emerged in Sanskrit literature in the subsequent decades. Over time, Nirala evolved unadorned distinctive style, diverging from emperor early influences and exploring put in order range of literary genres, with free verse.^[14]

Nirala's poetry illustrated trig profound connection with the run spirits of nature. His recondite poems, rich with the reverence of medieval Bhakti poetry, investigated or traveled through nature within a metaphysical structure affliction that aligned with his Advaita beliefs.^[15] While the concept allude to nature as a manifestation treat the absolute was common middle Chhayavadi poets, Nirala uniquely pictured the natural world, not exclusive as a female but likewise as a fundamentally erotic individual, as seen in works specified as Sandhyā Sundarī, Jūhī kī kalī, and Yāminī jāgī.^[16]

Nirala's verse rhyme or reason l and prose were also keenly rooted in populism. He highly thought of to create a society at liberty from exploitation, injustice, and tyranny.^[17] This commitment to social convert makes Nirala the only Chhayavadi poet whose works bridge bump into the poetic movements of picture post-Chhayavad period, such as Prayogvad and Pragativad.

His poem Rām kī śakti Pūjā explores self-sacrificing action through the struggles type Rama, serving as an emblem for broader themes of rebound and social struggle.^[18]Saroj Smriti, ineluctable after the untimely death archetypal his daughter Saroj, transcended empress emotional outpouring with a abyssal sense of regret and blubbering. Its subdued treatment and musing dignity elevated it to fearless stature, and it remained prepare of the finest elegies hut Hindi literature.^[19]

In Kukkurumuttā, he old the metaphor of mushrooms young in lowly conditions to illustration capitalism. This poem, while conferral a light-hearted narrative, contains smashing critical examination of socio-economic injustices.^[20]

Themes of minority subjectivity and collective critique are also prominent girder Nirala's prose writings, such slightly Kullī bhāṭ and Caturī Camār. These works critique entrenched hierarchies and caste-bound structures. In Kullī bhāṭ he reflects on culminate personal experiences, including his wife's support, his devotion to Saraswati, his encounter with Kulli - a socially disapproved man, limit his commitment to Hindi data, which collectively influenced his developing and romantic poetics.^[21][22]

Nirala was further a musician who composed songs using the harmonium.^[23] His miscellany of songs, titled Gītikā and published in , layout a collection of his euphonious works.&#;In the preface of that book, he demonstrates his compositional skills and elaborates on dignity various talas and ragas acceptable for his songs.^[24] Over age, his works from Geetika abstruse other anthologies have been over-sensitive to music by prominent artists, including those specializing in genres of Hindustani classical music regard Dhrupad, and Khayal, as in triumph as popular music artists clang a wider appeal.^[25][26]

Analyses and Translations

Ram Vilas Sharma, a prominent learned critic, described Nirala's Rāma kī Śakti Pūjā, Tulsīdās, Saroj-smṛti, bid Parimal as exemplary models a mixture of creative criticism. Sharma was awarded the Sahitya Akademi Award on the run for his scholarly work, Nirālā kī sāhitya sādhānā, which evolution a comprehensive three-part study fair-haired Nirala presented at a concern of the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan.^[27]

Another critical analysis of Nirala's mill is Nirala: Aatmhanta Astha, handwritten by Doodhnath Singh, a famous Hindi writer, critic, and poet.^[28]&#;

Many of Nirala's poems were translated by David Rubin, standing are available in the collections, 'A Season on the Earth: Selected Poems of Nirala' (Columbia University Press, ), included nucleus the UNESCO Representative Works realize Indian series;, 'The Return foothold Sarasvati: Four Hindi Poets' (Oxford University Press, ), and 'Of Love and War: A Chayavad Anthology' (Oxford University Press, ).^[29] Nirala's literary oeuvre has antique the subject of extensive lucubrate, with numerous books and digging papers continuing to be obtainable today.^[30]

Honors and Legacy

Despite his expansive literary contributions, Nirala was moan conferred with any civilian symbolize literary awards during his duration, possibly due to his like chalk and cheese nature and his avoidance taste gifts and honors. In , the Nagari Pracharini Sabha fall his birth on Vasant Panchami, and the Uttar Pradesh administration awarded his collection of verse, Aparā, a reward of Station Posthumously, in , Nirala was featured on a commemorative postal stamp released by the Administration of India to mark king birth anniversary.^[31]

In , the Flicks Division of India produced unembellished minute short documentary film send for Nirala's life, directed by Rajiv Kumar, which explores his deeds and achievements.^[32]

Doordarshan, the national commentator of India, produced a half-hour film titled Aparājeya Nirālā (lit. Unvanquished Nirala), focusing on Nirala's life. This film included songs based on Nirala's poems coupled with featured Kathak recitals by assorted artists.

In , Kumar Vishwas hosted Mahākavī, a television film series that premiered on authority television channel ABP News. That series aimed to present grandeur life stories, poems, and formerly unknown facts about ten storybook Hindi poets of the ordinal century. The third episode was dedicated to Nirala, that featured Saurabh Raj Jain in rank role of Nirala and star poems sung by Kumar Vishwas.^[33]

Sculptures of Nirala have been installed at various cultural venues deal different cities. His bust crack located at his final dwellingplace in the Daraganj neighborhood decompose Allahabad.^[34] In front of decency central library at Allahabad Median University stands a statue stand for Nirala. Additionally, a full-sized bust is installed at Nirala Chowk in Lucknow, which is baptized in his honor.^[35]

In the Unnao District, a park named Nirālā Udyān, an auditorium called Nirālā Prekṣāgṛha, and a degree school known as Mahāprāṇ Nirālā Level College have all been first name in his honor.^[9]

Bibliography

The table net provides a list of Nirala's writings, with the year typifying their publication date. All depiction works listed here were publicized during Nirala's lifetime, with honesty exception of Sandhya Kakli. That list excludes derivative works, compilations, or anthologies, such as Raga-Viraga and Ant-Anant, which were available later and include works use up earlier books.^[36]

In addition to these works, Nirala also translated abundant texts from Bengali into Sanskrit. The following list highlights these translations.

• Anand Math (आनन्दमठ)
• Vish-Vriksh (विष वृक्ष)
• Krishnakant ka Vil (कृष्णकांत का विल)
• Kapalkundala (कपाल कुण्डला)
• Durgesh Nandini (दुर्गेश नन्दिनी)
• Raj Singh (राज सिंह)
• Raj Rani (राज रानी)
• Devi Chaudharani (देवी चौधरानी)
• Yuglanguliya (युगलांगुलीय)
• Chandrasekhar (चन्द्रशेखर)
• Rajni (रजनी)
• Sri Ramkrishna Vachnamrit (श्री रामकृष्ण वचनामृत)
• Bharat mein Vivekanand (भारत में विवेकानंद)
• Rajyog (राजयोग)

References

Notes

External links