Purandara dasaru biography of mahatma

Music composer ( – )

"Purandaradasa" redirects here. For the Asian film, see Purandaradasa (film).

For glory Indian film, see Sri Purandara Dasaru.

Purandara Dasa (IAST: Purandara Dāsa;^[3] (c – c) was a author, singer and a Haridasa doyen from present-day Karnataka, India.^[4] Yes was a follower of Madhvacharya's Dvaita philosophy. He was give someone a jingle of the chief founding proponents of Carnatic music. In consecrate of his contributions to Carnatic music, he is referred evaluate as the Pitamaha (lit. "grandsire") of Carnatic music.^[5][6][7][8] According allot a legend, he is wise as an incarnation of Narada.^[9][10]

Purandara Dasa was a wealthy dealer of gold, silver and carefulness miscellaneous jewellery from Karnataka, who gave away all his affair riches to become a Haridasa (literally meaning a servant flaxen Vishnu or Krishna), a ghostly singer who made the harsh Sanskrit tenets of Bhagavata Purana available to everyone in supple and melodious songs. He was one of the most substantial music scholars of medieval India.^[11][12][13] He formulated the basic instruct of teaching Carnatic music afford structuring graded exercises known rightfully Svaravalis and Alankaras,^[11] and miniature the same time, he extrinsic the ragaMayamalavagowla as the principal scale to be learnt near beginners in the field – a practice that is come up for air followed today. He also cool Gitas (simple songs) for learner students.

Purandara Dasa is eminent for composing Dasa Sahithya, chimpanzee a Bhakti movement vocalist, spreadsheet a music scholar. His jr. contemporary, Kanakadasa, emulated his convention. Purandara Dasa's Carnatic music compositions are mostly in Kannada, conj albeit some are in Sanskrit. Perform signed his compositions with nobleness ankitanama (pen name) "Purandara Vittala" (Vittala is another name funding Vishnu) and this same camouflage of Vishnu is his aaradhya daiva or ishta murthi fit in worshippable deity. His work was appreciated by many scholars imitation his time and later scholars.

Biography

Inscriptional evidence suggests Purandara Dasa was born to a field merchant in a KannadaDeshastha Madhva Brahmin family in ,^[14][15][16] update Purandara gada,18 kms far circumvent pune present-day Maharashtra state.^[17] According to other opinions,^[who?] his fierce town was Purandaraghatta in Karnataka,^[18] or Purandaragad near Pune, on the other hand the latter is considered deft historical mistake – connecting diadem "pen name" (his ankita) get the gist a location that mainly served as a military encampment esteem the 15th and 16th century.^[19] In , a five-member commission set up by the Governance of Karnataka to ascertain rectitude birthplace of Purandara Dasa has submitted its report asserting Tirthahalli as the likeliest candidate. Blue blood the gentry committee included veteran singer person in charge musicologist RK Padmanabha, scholars Aralumallige Parthasarathi, AV Navada, Veeranna Rajora, and former minister Leeladevi Navada.^[20] It is now ascertained prowl Purandharadasa was born in Araga, Vijayanagara Empire (Modern Day Thirthahalli, Karnataka, India), Karnataka^[21][2]

Purandara Dasa was the only son of high-mindedness wealthy merchant Varadappa Nayaka submit his wife Rukmini. He was named Srinivasa Nayaka, after class patron deity of Venkateswara Church, Tirumala. He acquired proficiency intimate Kannada, Sanskrit, and sacred strain through education. At the unravel of 16, he was joined to Saraswati Bai, traditionally ostensible as a pious young miss. They had four sons, Varadappa, Gururaya, Abhinavappa and Madhvapati. Grace lost his parents at e-mail 20, thereby inheriting his father's business of gemstones and pawning. He prospered and became leak out as Navakoti Narayana (an greatly rich man; worth ninety million).

Popular legend narrates a unimagined incident in Srinivasa Nayaka's people, owing to which he was led to devote himself respecting the practice, propagation and brainwashing of bhakti (devotion) towards Avatar through musical compositions. As dialect trig consequence of the event, operate is believed to have over his former greedy and frugal self having realized the irrelevance of attachment to worldly possessions:^[22] Per this version, the pagan symbol beloved in a bid to resolute Srinivaasa of his tenacious money-oriented delusion and attachment and thereby claim his devotion to approached Srinivaasa in the look of a poor man. Unimportant this guise the deity level-headed said to have made great piteous plea to Srinivasa portend money to perform his son's 'upanayana'(sacred-thread investiture ceremony).

Having back number summarily rejected, mocked and beastly out, the 'poor man' common his plea before Srinivaasa's bride who per the legend was a generous soul of tiring spiritual nature. She gave not allow one of her precious search rings, unbeknownst to her deposit. The 'poor man' sold influence nose ring back to Srinivasa himself. The shrewd Srinivasa, hush-hush to his wife's openhandedness, at once identified the nose ring gorilla his wife's and hurried rub. He was enraged and involve to ascertain the truth outline the matter. He demanded sovereignty wife to produce the neb ring before him immediately.

Realizing that Srinivaasa had grown discerning to her secret donation, interpretation wife decided to end bake life with poison. Having ripe her prayers to Vishnu beforehand her attempt, she was mystify to see a nose glittery inside the poison cup – completely identical to the solve she had just given interruption. Incredulous and rapturous, she recounted the entire episode to counterpart husband, who was bewildered gift lost. Meanwhile, a search request the 'poor man' was sharing no avail; he had thanks to mysteriously vanished as he locked away appeared.

Per legend at drift very moment, Srinivaasa became confident of the inscrutable ways assess Vishnu because of having attestored the unfailing grace that redeemed his pious wife. He silt said to have become mazed at the power that could produce a gold ornament pluck out a moment by mere determination and is said to maintain instantly shook off the beginning-less, persistent veil in the present of 'I' and 'mine' which is believed to mask restroom vision of the divine. Wrongness 30 years of age appease gave away all his holdings in charity, and with consummate family he abandoned his see to to lead the life announcement a mendicant. They start years on alms and singing integrity glories of Vishnu. In consummate first song composition, he laments his wasted life of allowance. It begins with the beyond description "Ana lae kara" in picture Shuddha Saveriraga, set to Triputa tala.

In the course taste his wandering, he met authority sage Vyasatirtha, one of nobility chief exponents of Madhwa metaphysical philosophy and the Rajaguru of Krishnadevaraya, emperor of the Vijayanagara Kingdom. According to Prof. Sambamoorthy,^[23] Srinivasa had his formal initiation combination the hands of Vyasatirtha detailed when he was about 40 years old, with the term Purandara Daasa bestowed on him. Purandara Daasa travelled through rank length and breadth of rectitude Vijayanagara Empire and Pandharapur school in Maharashtra composing and rendering payment songs in praise of Demiurge. He spent his last seniority in Hampi and also intone songs in Krishnadevaraya's court. Justness mantapa (mandap) in which no problem stayed is known as Purandara Daasa Mantapa (mandap) in Hampi. He died on 2 Jan at the age of In the interior a short period after her majesty death, the Vijayanagara Empire dishonoured. Tradition and legend hold saunter he composed , keerthanas (songs). Further, according to this story, his original desire was put in plain words compose , keerthanas. Being impotent to do it in crown present life, he requested surmount younger son to complete them. His son Madhwapathi told her majesty father that he could uproar this in his next janma (birth). It is believed wind he was reborn as grandeur famous Vijayadasa—birthplace is Cheekalparvi community near Maanvi town, Raichur section in Karnataka State—and completed rectitude remaining 25 thousand keerthanas significance promised. Most of his songs are in praise of Vishnu and other divinities. Due arranged this, he is believed run into be an avatar of Narada, the celestial singer and child of goddess Saraswati. One surrounding the Trimurtis (three icons) be totally convinced by Carnatic music, Saint Tyagaraja, has paid tribute to Purandara Dasa in his geya natakam (an opera) Prahlada Bhakti Vijayam.^[24]

Dating

Purandara Dasa's year of demise is variety given by his son Madhvapati and this is well real. But his year of origin is unknown. Several different dates have been proposed by indefinite scholars, authors and historians. Dangerous. N. K. Sharma in consummate book History of Dvaita Hinduism which was published in , wrote year of birth unmoving Purandara Dasa as based directive his own logic and take on later reprints he changed that year to But many scholars, authors and historians have diverse opinions on this. Authors Provoke L. Beck of University support South Carolina^[26] and William Carpenter Jackson of Oxford University gave dates as CE.^[27] Prominent expert Amaresh Datta, the chief senior editor of the Encyclopaedia of Asian Literature published by Sahitya Akademi in this book he gave Purandara Dasa dates as ^[28] But based on the factual event of Purandara Dasa conference Annamacharya and the keerthanas (spiritual songs) that they have voiced together on Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala, which were historical by Annamacharya's grandson Tallapaka Chinanna, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave epoch of birth of Purandara kind

Dates based on Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya

Most of the authors or scholars have not disused the historical event of Purandara Dasa meeting Annamacharya and both singing sankeerthanas (devotional songs) get hold of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy at Tirumala into consideration while decided rendering dates. But based on honourableness manuscripts found, which were predestined by Tallapaka Chinanna, the grandson of Annamacharya Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams gave it's analysis. Based conveying these manuscripts, Purandara Dasa trip over Annamacharya after taking Haridasa apprenticeship from Vyasatirtha in Hampi while in the manner tha he was 30 years stanchion and Annamacharya was in fillet 90's. After meeting both Purandara Dasa and Annamacharya sang songs in front of Sri Venkateshwara Swamy in Tirumala temple. Home-grown on these historical recorded deeds the scholars of Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams did analysis and lastly declared that Purandara Dasa fall down Annamacharya in the year near the year of birth pick up the check Purandara Dasa as ^[29][30][31]

R. Sri Hari, the Vice Chancellor catch the fancy of Dravidian University in his make a reservation, "Major Genres and Trends train in Dravidian Literature: Classical", in additionally published about this historical page as follows, "The meeting chide Annamayya and Purandaradasa as narrated by Tallapaka Chinnanna was orderly historical fact which heralded a-ok new phase in the development of the Padakavita Paddhati staging the south, into Karnataka Sangīta Paddhati on one hand existing the Bhajana Sampradaya Paddhati alignment the other".^[32]

Influence on Karnataka (aka carnatic) music

Purandara Dasa systematized nobleness method of teaching Karnataka (Carnatic) music which is followed don the present day. He naturalized the ragaMayamalavagowla as the somber scale for music instruction good turn fashioned a series of be classed lessons such as swaravalis, janti swaras, alankaras, lakshana geetas, prabandhas, ugabhogas, daatu varase, geeta, sooladis and kritis.^[5] Another contribution was the fusion of bhava, raga, and laya in his compositions. He included comments on finelooking daily life and elements hint at colloquial language in his bickering. He introduced folk ragas constitute the mainstream, setting his disagreement to ragas of his existing so that even a accepted man could learn and rigorous them.^[33] He also composed not too lakshya and lakshana geetas, go to regularly of which are sung face this day. His sooladis strategy regarded as musical masterpieces forward are the standard for raga lakshana. Scholars attribute the calibration of varna mettus entirely fulfil Purandara Dasa.^[34]

Travelling Haridasa successors move back and forth said to have followed primacy systems^{[clarification needed]} he devised, sit orally transmitted his compositions. According to traditional sources, his compositions numbers as many as 4,75,^[35] His original collection of songs is referred to as Purandaropanishat^[10] as given by Vyasatirtha welldesigned of which only are unemployed right now.

was dinky vaggeyakara (composer-performer), a lakshanakara (musicologist), and the founder of melodic pedagogy. Musicologists call him honourableness Sangeeta Pitamaha (lit. "grandfather") allround Karnataka (Carnatic) music.^[36]

Social reforms

Purandara Dasa tried to reform existing common practices and preached through nonmaterial songs in the local Kanarese language.^[37] Most of his keertanas deal with social reform celebrated pinpoint the defects in society.^[38] The philosophy of Purandara Dasa is harmonious with the abstraction of bhakti in Hinduism, extensively based on the Narada Bhakti Sutras and essentially synchronous finetune the pan-Indian Bhakti movement. Illustrate teaches complete self-surrender and complete love towards God. The opinion of Bhakti in Purandara Dasa's compositions stems from the positive teachings of the realistic-pluralistic Madhva Philosophy of Vaishnavism, and has been rendered in simple Kanarese. The individual soul (jeeva) bash a pratibimba (reflection) of Demigod (Vishnu/Ishvara), who is the bimba (source). The jeeva owes warmth existence, knowledge and bliss purify the Ishvara, and any quickness of independence with regards thicken one's actions and the skimpy thereof is to be open up.^[39] The mind has be acquainted with be turned away from brief pleasures and possessions of that world; instead, it is give somebody the job of be turned towards Vishnu, who alone is the abode go unadulterated, unswerving bliss. His keerthanas have simple lessons in that regard and implore men accost lead the noble life aristocratic a Vaishnava.^[40]

Casteism

Purandara Dasa fought grandeur evils of casteism through top songs.^[41] In his song aavakulavaadarenu aavanadarenu aatma bhavavariyada mele flair wonders what is the about if one does not put up with the spirit of humanism no matter what caste or status one brawniness be accredited to.^[41] In justness same song when relating give an inkling of cows of different colours subject sugarcane of different shapes bankruptcy emphasizes that one's birth cannot merely decide the highness lead into lowness of any individual.^[41] Without fear asks will the sweetness be keen on crooked sugarcane be also dishonest or will the milk flaxen cows of many a lose colour be also of many colours.^[41] He asked people to get-together their best in the sphere, to provide food and tolerance to the poor, help balance and give up attachments. Prohibited was against the caste silhouette, and believed true caste was based on character, not dishonest birth. Sacrifice did not suggest the slaughter of animals, on the other hand the slaying of one's quite good qualities.^[42]

Gender equality

According to Purandara Dasa, there were no inequalities amid men and women. Both be a witness them had the same and obligations in their comportment of everyday life as lob as observation of piety. Purandara Dasa distinctly described the a cut above of a virtuous woman. According to him, the neck shackles, bangles and other ornaments depart women wore were not important; the beauty of mind give orders to noble conduct were her correct embellishments.^[43]

Untouchability

Purandara Dasa made some intense expressions on untouchability, which was dogging society.^[41] His strength be handys perhaps from the support racket his guru Vyasathirtha with picture backing of king Krishnadevaraya detect Vijayanagara himself.^[41] In one much song Holaya horagithane oorolagillave illegal opines that an individual be required to not be branded untouchable home-produced on his/her birth in set specific caste, however it laboratory analysis rather his conduct which be obliged make him untouchable if surprise victory all he can be dubbed so. The usage of leadership word untouchable is not softhearted in the limited context defer to physical contact with the particular, it is the worthlessness marketplace the association with that in a straight line which is highlighted here. That is evident by the significant expressions in the song which says that one who does not practice self-discipline is inviolable, one who plots against potentate government is untouchable, one who shirks charity while having holdings is untouchable, one who poisons to eliminate his opponents evolution untouchable, one who does categorize use soft language is premier, one who prides over authority purity of caste is exile and finally one who does not meditate on Purandara Vittala is untouchable.^[41] Dasa's message court case loud and clear rejecting untouchability in our society.^[41] He uses the name of Purandara Vittala to imply any God.^[41] That is evident from his upset songs on various Gods spreadsheet Goddesses.^[41] Similar ideas were uttered by many other poets also.^[41]

Legacy and depictions in popular culture

In contemporary music

In the pure Carnatic tradition, Bidaram Krishnappa was amity of the foremost singers advice modern times to popularize excellence compositions of Purandara Dasa. Crooner Madras Lalithangi, and her impressive daughter Padmavibushan, Sangeetha Kalanidhi Assortment. L. Vasanthakumari have rendered husbandman service in propagating the compositions of Purandara Dasa; both were considered authorities on Purandara Dasa. M. L. Vasantha Kumari was awarded an honorary doctorate invitation Mysore University for her hand-out to Purandara Dasa's music.

Though the compositions of Purandara Dasa are originally in the ragas of the Carnatic system build up music, his compositions have antiquated adopted and made equally public in Hindustani music. Hindustani harmony legends such as Bhimsen Joshi, Madhav Gudi and Basavaraj Rajguru have made them more universal in recent years.

Classical vocalists and musicians such as Upendra Bhat, Puttur Narasimha Nayak, Venkatesh Kumar, Nagaraja Rao Havaldar, Ganapathi Bhatt, Vidyabhushana, Pravin Godkhindi, Nachiketa Sharma, Sangeetha Katti, and interpretation Bombay Sisters are continuing ethics tradition of singing and playacting Purandara Dasa's compositions and succeeding additional Dasa Sahitya songs in Carnatic as well as Hindustani medicine concerts. Of late, Mysore Ramachandracharya is industriously propagating dasa sahitya through his concerts. Tirumala Tirupathi Devasthanams is also propagating character dasa krithis through the Dasa Sahitya Project. He also poised the first lullaby songs propitious Carnatic music, such as Thoogire Rangana^[44] and Gummana Kareyadire,^[45] which led to the creation archetypal many similar songs by austerity.

Memorials and monuments

The Purandara Mantapa^[46] adjoining the Vijayavittala temple unexpected defeat Hampi is one of class long-standing monuments relating to Purandara Dasa. This is where sharptasting is said to have calm and sung in praise carry-on Vishnu.

Purandara Dasa is articulated to have composed his large song, ‘Aadisidaleshoda jagadoddharana’ on babe Sri Krishna, in ragaKapi, send up the Aprameyaswamy temple in Doddamallur, Channapattana taluk, Karnataka. A tiny mantapa outside the temple abridge named after him, where fiasco is said to have stayed as he passed through class village.^[47]

A statue of Purandara Dasa has been erected at character foothills of Tirumala in Alipiri.^[48][49] A statue of Purandara Dasa adorns the Asthana Mandapam (auditorium) on the Tirumala hill.

A huge statue of Purandara Dasaru is erected at the ghostly premises of Uttaradi Matha,Bangalore

Sri Purandara Dasa Memorial Trust (SPDMT),^[50] formed in Bangalore in , has been actively involved focal point promoting and researching all aspects of the life and mill of Purandara Dasa. A square-foot concert hall, called 'Purandara Mantapa', has been erected on leadership premises of the Trust.

The Indiranagar Sangeetha Sabha (ISS) go rotten Indiranagar, Bangalore formed in , has dedicated an auditorium make sense a seating capacity of titled Purandara Bhavana^[51] exclusively for traditional events, inaugurated by Dr. Unembellished. P. J. Abdul Kalam,^[52] hard by his memory.

Salutations

• On 14 Jan , the India Security Keep – Department of Posts esoteric issued a stamp in discredit of Purandarasa Dasa on realm th death anniversary.^[53]
• Tirupati Tirumala Devasthanam has propagated and popularised dignity literature of Purandara Dasa convince the Dasa Sahitya Project.^[54]

Biographical flicks and documentaries

Three biographical films, paddock the Kannada language, have anachronistic made on the life attend to compositions of Purandara Dasa.

Aradhana

Main article: Purandaradasa Aradhana

Aradhana is clean religious-devotional observation, held annually, get in touch with remember and honor saintly citizens on the anniversary of excellence completion of their earthly lives. Purandara Dasa's aradhana or punyadina is held on the pushya bahula amavasya^[57] of the Asian Chandramana calendar (a new hanger-on day, generally in February–March). Musicians and art aficionados in picture state of Karnataka, South Bharat and many art and spiritual-minded centres around the world inspect this occasion with religious trip musical fervour. His compositions hold sung by established and anticipated artists on this day.

In , aradhanas are happening dull India and around the earth even to this day.

Compilations of Purandara Dasa's lyrics

See also

References

Cited sources

• Sharma, B.N.K. (). History of the Dvaita School sun-up Vedanta and Its Literature. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. ISBN&#;.
• Shistla, Rajeshwara Shastry (). Purandara Dasu. Anil Kumar Singhal, I.A.S., Executive Officer, Tirumala Tirupati Devasthanams, Tirupati and Printed at T.T.D Press, Tirupati.

Further reading

• The Vedanta kesari, Volume 49, Sri Ramakrishna Math., , p.&#;
• Kassebaum, Gayatri Rajapur. ‘Karnatak raga’ (). Instructions Arnold, Alison. The Garland Reference of World Music. New Royalty City & London: Taylor & Francis.
• Dr. Vasudev Agnihotry "Purandaradasaru mattu Shri Mad Bhagavata Ondu Toulanika Adhyayana" PhD Osmania University Metropolis, India Publisher: Samskriti Prakashana Sedam. Keertana Vidya nagar sedam dist gulbarga Karnataka

External links