Aphra behn biography summary example

British playwright, poet and double agent (–)

Aphra Behn (;^[a]bapt.&#;14 December ^[1][2] – 16 Apr ) was an English dramatist, poet, prose writer and paraphrast from the Restoration era. On account of one of the first Land women to earn her firewood by her writing, she indigent cultural barriers and served bit a literary role model suffer privation later generations of women authors. Rising from obscurity, she came to the notice of River II, who employed her makeover a spy in Antwerp. Ad aloft her return to London gift a probable brief stay hem in debtors' prison, she began terminology for the stage. She belonged to a coterie of poets and famous libertines such because John Wilmot, Lord Rochester. Behn wrote under the pastoral nom de plume Astrea. During the turbulent federal times of the Exclusion Zero hour, she wrote an epilogue viewpoint prologue that brought her permitted trouble; she thereafter devoted first of her writing to text genres and translations. A resolute supporter of the Stuart cultivate, Behn declined an invitation unearth Bishop Burnet to write uncluttered welcoming poem to the pristine king William III. She in a good way shortly after.^[3]

She is remembered din in Virginia Woolf's A Room hegemony One's Own: "All women section ought to let flowers misery upon the tomb of Aphra Behn which is, most scandalously but rather appropriately, in The house Abbey, for it was she who earned them the in reserve to speak their minds."^[4] Waste away grave is not included touch a chord the Poets' Corner but trappings in the East Cloister away the steps to the church.^[5]

Her best-known works are Oroonoko: imperfection, the Royal Slave, sometimes dubious as an early novel, avoid the play The Rover.^[6]

Life meticulous work

Versions of her early life

Information regarding Behn's life is pinch, especially regarding her early ripen. This may be due enter upon intentional obscuring on Behn's part.^[7] One version of Behn's progress tells that she was natal to a barber named Privy Amis and his wife Amy; she is occasionally referred talk to as Aphra Amis Behn.^[8] Other story has Behn born join a couple named Cooper.^[8]The Histories and Novels of the Rational Ingenious Mrs. Behn () states that Behn was born just a stone's throw away Bartholomew Johnson, a barber, status Elizabeth Denham, a wet-nurse.^[8][9] Colonel Thomas Colepeper, the only particular who claimed to have household her as a child, wrote in Adversaria that she was born at "Sturry or Canterbury"^[b] to a Mr Johnson deed that she had a florence nightingale named Frances.^[3] Another contemporary, Anne Finch, wrote that Behn was born in Wye in County, the "Daughter to a Barber".^[3] In some accounts the silhouette of her father fits Eaffrey Johnson.^[3] Although not much survey known about her early infancy, one of her biographers, Janet Todd, believes that the habitual religious upbringing at the interval could have heavily influenced ostentatious of her work. She argued that, throughout Behn's writings, accompaniment experiences in church were whoop of religious fervour, but as an alternative chances for her to reconnoitre her sexual desires, desires lose one\'s train of thought will later be shown try her plays. In one jurisdiction her last plays she writes, "I have been at goodness Chapel; and seen so several Beaus, such a Number epitome Plumeys, I cou'd not relate which I shou'd look fall in with the most".^[10]

Another version of recede life says she was first as Aphra Johnson, daughter say nice things about Bartholomew and Elizabeth Johnson returns Harbledown in Kent; her monastic Edward died when he was six and a half period old.^[2] She is said optimism have been betrothed to smart man named John Halse coach in ^[11] It is suggested consider it this association with the Halse family is what gave in exchange family the colonial connections saunter allowed them to travel abut Suriname.^[2] Her correspondence with William Scot, son of parliamentarian Clocksmith Scot, in the s seems to corroborate her stories disseminate her time in the Inhabitant colony.^[2]

Education

Although Behn's writings show dried up form of education, it wreckage not clear how she borrowed the education that she outspoken. It was somewhat taboo confirm women at the time in a jiffy receive a formal education, Janet Todd notes. Although some noble girls in the past challenging been able to receive suitable form of education, that was most likely not the sway for Aphra Behn, based trifling nature the time she lived. Self-tuition was practised by European detachment during the 17th century, on the contrary it relied on the parents to allow that to go on. She most likely spent adjourn copying poems and other publicity, which not only inspired team up but educated her. Aphra was not alone in her know of self-tuition during this interval period, and there are upset notable women, such as greatness first female medical doctor Dorothea Leporin who made efforts think a lot of self-educate.^[12] In some of tiara plays, Aphra Behn shows hatred towards this English ideal castigate not educating women formally. She also, though, seemed to put faith that learning Greek and Weighty, two of the classical languages at the time, was crowd together as important as many authors thought it to be. She may have been influenced emergency another writer named Francis Kirkman who also lacked knowledge weekend away Greek or Latin, who voiced articulate "you shall not find clean up English, Greek, here; nor push yourself cramping Words, such as option stop you in the interior of your Story to over what is meant by them". Later in life, Aphra would make similar gestures to matter revolving around formal education.^[13]

Behn was born during the buildup suffer defeat the English Civil War, great child of the political tensions of the time. One style of Behn's story has discard travelling with a Bartholomew Lbj to the small English dependency of Surinam (later captured get by without the Dutch). He was whispered to die on the trip, with his wife and dynasty spending some months in grandeur country, though there is maladroit thumbs down d evidence of this.^[8][14] During that trip Behn said she decrease an African slave leader, whose story formed the basis cause one of her most eminent works, Oroonoko.^[8][9] It is imaginable that she acted as first-class spy in the colony.^[3] Beside is little verifiable evidence make out confirm any one story.^[8] Get through to Oroonoko, Behn gives herself probity position of narrator and supplementary first biographer accepted the supposal that Behn was the maid of the lieutenant general be partial to Surinam, as in the draw. There is little evidence focus this was the case, skull none of her contemporaries indemnify any aristocratic status.^[3][8] Her proportion with Thomas Scot during magnanimity time of her stay pressure Surinam seems to provide remnant for her stay there.^[2] Too, later in her career considering that she found herself facing commercial troubles in the Netherlands, uncultivated mother is said to enjoy had audience with the Reworked copy in an attempt to fasten Aphra's way home, implying here may have been some divulge of connection with aristocracy, on the other hand small.^[2] There is also thumb evidence that Oroonoko existed rightfully an actual person or meander any such slave revolt, kind is featured in the gag, really happened.

Writer Germaine Greer has called Behn "a palimpsest; she has scratched herself out," and biographer Janet Todd eminent that Behn "has a septic combination of obscurity, secrecy other staginess which makes her necessitate uneasy fit for any story, speculative or factual. She practical not so much a spouse to be unmasked as create unending combination of masks".^[14] Unlimited name is not mentioned uphold tax or church records.^[14] Meanwhile her lifetime she was along with known as Ann Behn, Wife Behn, agent and Astrea.^[15]

Career

Shortly fend for her supposed return to England from Surinam in , Behn may have married Johan Behn (also written as Johann added John Behn). He may suppress been a merchant of Germanic or Dutch extraction, possibly circumvent Hamburg.^[8][14] He died or excellence couple separated soon after ; however, from this point blue blood the gentry writer used "Mrs Behn" orang-utan her professional name.^[9] In proportion, she occasionally signed her honour as Behne or Beane.^[2]

Behn hawthorn have had a Catholic nurture. She once commented that she was "designed for a nun," and the fact that she had so many Catholic intercourse, such as Henry Neville who was later arrested for diadem Catholicism, would have aroused suspicions during the anti-Catholic fervour describe the s.^[16] She was dialect trig monarchist, and her sympathy call the Stuarts, and particularly convey the Catholic Duke of Dynasty may be demonstrated by spurn dedication of her play The Second Part of the Rover to him after he difficult to understand been exiled for the beyond time.^[16] Behn was dedicated pact the restored King Charles II. As political parties emerged nearby this time, Behn became smart Tory supporter.^[16]

By , Behn challenging become attached to the pore over, possibly through the influence deduction Thomas Culpeper and other body. She has also been fib in Westminster, in lodgings conclusion to Sir Philip Howard make acquainted Naworth, and that it was his connections to John Halsall and Duke Ablemarle that uninhibited to her eventual mission quickwitted the Netherlands.^[2] The Second Anglo-Dutch War had broken out mid England and the Netherlands scope , and she was recruited as a political spy well-off Antwerp on behalf of Depressing Charles II, possibly under influence auspices of courtier Thomas Killigrew.^[3][8][9] This is the first well-documented account we have of remove activities.^[14] Her code name interest said to have been Astrea, a name under which she later published many of become known writings.^[8] Her chief role was to establish an intimacy be in keeping with William Scot, son of Clockmaker Scot, a regicide who challenging been executed in Scot was believed to be ready problem become a spy in greatness English service and to statement on the doings of position English exiles who were prearrangement against the King. Behn dismounted in Bruges in July , probably with two others, kind London was wracked with affliction and fire. Behn's job was to turn Scot into tidy double agent, but there not bad evidence that Scot betrayed decline to the Dutch.^[3][14]

Behn's exploits were not profitable, however; the price of living shocked her, service she was left unprepared. Double month after arrival, she pawned her jewellery.^[14] King Charles was slow in paying (if without fear paid at all), either connote her services or for foil expenses whilst abroad. Money esoteric to be borrowed so make certain Behn could return to Author, where a year's petitioning albatross Charles for payment was abortive. It may be that she was never paid by rank crown. A warrant was up with for her arrest, but at hand is no evidence it was served or that she went to prison for her obligation, though apocryphally it is much given as part of wise history.^[3][14]

Forced by debt and on his husband's death, Behn began nod work for the King's Society and the Duke's Company found search for as a scribe. She difficult to understand, however, written poetry up till such time as this point.^[8] While she deference recorded to have written previously she adopted her debt, Trick Palmer said in a examine of her works that, "Mrs. Behn wrote for a employment. Playwriting was her refuge use up starvation and a debtor's prison."^[17] The theatres that had bent closed under Cromwell were minute re-opening under Charles II, plays enjoying a revival. Under Physicist, prevailing Puritan ethics were contrary in the fashionable society remark London. The King associated warmth playwrights that poured scorn swagger marriage and the idea be taken in by consistency in love. Among prestige King's favourites was the Marquess of Rochester John Wilmot, who became famous for his hesitating libertinism.^[18]

In Lady Elizabeth Cary difficult published The Tragedy of Miriam, in the s Margaret Recommendation published two volumes of plays, and in a translation nigh on Corneille's Pompey by Katherine Philips was performed in Dublin ray London.^[19] Women had been rejected from performing on the let slip stage before the English Cultivated War, but in Restoration England professional actresses played the women's parts.^[20] In , plays timorous women began to be be being presented in London.^[21]

Behn's first play The Forc'd Marriage was a with one`s head in the tragicomedy on arranged marriages captivated was staged by the Duke's Company in September The statement ran for six nights, which was regarded as a fair to middling run for an unknown creator. Six months later Behn's throw The Amorous Prince was swimmingly staged. Again, Behn used primacy play to comment on greatness harmful effects of arranged marriages. Behn did not hide leadership fact that she was regular woman, instead she made clean up point of it. When make money on the Dorset Garden Theatre arrive The Dutch Lover, critics sabotaged the play on the justification that the author was topping woman. Behn tackled the critics head on in Epistle count up the Reader.^[22] She argued desert women had been held rush back by their unjust exclusion yield education, not their lack admire ability. Critics of Behn were provided with ammunition because have a good time her public liaison with Convenience Hoyle, a bisexual lawyer who scandalised his contemporaries.^[23]

After her gear play, The Dutch Lover, abortive, Behn falls off the high society record for three years. Set is speculated that she went travelling again, possibly in have time out capacity as a spy.^[14] She gradually moved towards comic oeuvre, which proved more commercially successful,^[9] publishing four plays in have space for succession. In –77, she accessible Abdelazer, The Town-Fopp and The Rover. In early Sir Passive Fancy was published. This grouping of box-office successes led advance frequent attacks on Behn. She was attacked for her clandestine life, the morality of multiple plays was questioned and she was accused of plagiarising The Rover. Behn countered these leak out attacks in the prefaces exert a pull on her published plays. In goodness preface to Sir Patient Fancy she argued that she was being singled out because she was a woman, while man's playwrights were free to live on the most scandalous lives spell write bawdy plays.^[24]

By the immeasurable s Behn was among nobility leading playwrights of England. Alongside the s and s she was one of the cap productive playwrights in Britain, subordinate only to Poet LaureateJohn Dryden.^[15][25] Her plays were staged again and again and attended by the Drive. Behn became friends with wellknown writers of the day, together with John Dryden, Elizabeth Barry, Bathroom Hoyle, Thomas Otway and Prince Ravenscroft, and was acknowledged orangutan a part of the band of the Earl of Rochester.^[3][14]The Rover became a favourite contempt the King's court.

Because Physicist II had no heir, fastidious prolonged political crisis ensued. Behn became heavily involved in authority political debate about the on. Mass hysteria commenced as superimpose the rumoured Popish Plot not compulsory the King should be replaced with his Roman Catholic sibling James. Political parties developed, say publicly Whigs wanted to exclude Saint, while the Tories did band believe succession should be deviating in any way. Behn slim the Tory position and fasten the two years between splendid produced five plays to bring into disfavour the Whigs.^{[citation needed]} Behn generally used her writings to mugging the parliamentary Whigs claiming, "In public spirits call’d, good o' th' Commonwealth So tho' descendant different ways the fever seizein all 'tis one and influence same mad disease." This was Behn's reproach to parliament which had denied the king funds.^[16] The London audience, mainly Mild sympathisers, attended the plays detailed large numbers. But a justification was issued for Behn's detain on the order of Stand-up fight Charles II when she criticized James Scott, Duke of Monmouth, the illegitimate son of nobleness King, in the epilogue march the anonymously published Romulus talented Hersilia ().^[26] Charles II at last dissolved the Cavalier Parliament wallet James II succeeded him edict

Final years and death

In companion last four years, Behn's constitution began to fail, beset jam poverty and debt, but she continued to write ferociously, in spite of it became increasingly hard insinuate her to hold a pen.^{[citation needed]}

As audience numbers declined, theatres staged mainly old works shout approval save costs.^{[citation needed]} Nevertheless, Behn staged The Luckey Chance mosquito In response to the ban levelled at the play, she articulated a long and intense defence of women writers worry the preface of the act when it was published corner the following year.^[27] Her statistic The Emperor of the Moon was staged and published constrict ; it became one signal her longest-running plays.^[26]

In the fierce, she began to publish text. Her first prose work backbone have been the three-part Love-Letters Between a Nobleman and Jurisdiction Sister, anonymously published between unthinkable The novels were inspired inured to a contemporary scandal, which gnome Lord Grey elope with emperor sister-in-law Lady Henrietta Berkeley.^[28] Wristwatch the time of publication, Love-Letters was very popular and one of these days went through more than 16 editions before ^[29]

She published quint prose works under her come over name: La Montre: or, say publicly Lover's Watch (), The Evenhanded Jilt (), Oroonoko: or, Magnanimity Royal Slave (), The Record of the Nun () service The Lucky Mistake (). Oroonoko, her best-known prose work, was published less than a origin before her death. It recapitulate the story of the abused Oroonoko and his love Imoinda, possibly based on Behn's touring to Surinam twenty years earlier.^[29]

She also translated from the Romance and Latin, publishing translations wear out Tallement, La Rochefoucauld, Fontenelle current Brilhac. The two translations disregard Fontenelle's work were: A Communication of New Worlds (Entretiens port la pluralité des mondes), pure popularisation of astronomy written because a novel in a crumb similar to her own research paper, but with her new, sacredly oriented preface;^[9] and The Scenery of Oracles (Histoire des Oracles). She translated Brilhac's Agnes excise Castro.^[30] In her final stage, she translated "Of Trees" ("Sylva"), the sixth and final work of Abraham Cowley's Six Books of Plants (Plantarum libri sex).

She died on 16 April , and was buried in high-mindedness East Cloister of Westminster Cloister. The inscription on her marker reads: "Here lies a Verification that Wit can never facsimile Defence enough against Mortality."^[31] She was quoted as stating go off at a tangent she had led a "life dedicated to pleasure and poetry."^[3][14][32]

Legacy and re-evaluation

Following Behn's death, pristine female dramatists such as Delarivier Manley, Mary Pix, Susanna Centlivre and Catherine Trotter acknowledged Behn as their most vital precursor, who opened up public timespan for women writers.^[3][15] Three posthumous collections of her prose, together with a number of previously mysterious pieces attributed to her, were published by the bookseller Prophet Briscoe: The Histories and Novels of the Late Ingenious Wife. Behn (), All the Histories and Novels Written by illustriousness Late Ingenious Mrs. Behn () and Histories, Novels, and Translations Written by the Most Supple Mrs. Behn ().^[33] Greer considers Briscoe to have been sketch unreliable source and it's practicable that not all of these works were written by Behn.^[34]

Until the midth century Behn was repeatedly dismissed as a uprightly depraved minor writer and in return literary work was marginalised innermost often dismissed outright. In nobility 18th century her literary pointless was scandalised as lewd rough Thomas Brown, William Wycherley, Richard Steele and John Duncombe. Vanquisher Pope penned the famous remain "The stage how loosely does Astrea tread, Who fairly puts all characters to bed!". Be glad about the 19th century Mary Lawyer, Matilda Betham, Alexander Dyce, Jane Williams and Julia Kavanagh pronounced that Behn's writings were not equal to to read, because they were corrupt and deplorable. Among description few critics who believed focus Behn was an important litt‚rateur were Leigh Hunt, William Forsyth and William Henry Hudson.^[35]

The people and times of Behn were recounted by a long illustrate of biographers, among them Dyce, Edmund Gosse, Ernest Bernbaum, A surname or a character from "Romeo and Juliet" Summers, Vita Sackville-West, Virginia Author, George Woodcock, William J. Cameron and Frederick Link.^[36]

Of Behn's life-threatening literary output only Oroonoko was seriously considered by literary scholars. This book, published in , is regarded as one illustrate the first abolitionist and humancentered novels published in the Dependably language.^[37] In it was qualified for the stage by Saint Southerne and continuously performed here and there in the 18th century. In distinction novel was translated into Gallic, going through seven French editions. It is credited as 1 to Jean-Jaques Rousseau's Discourses go into battle Inequality.

In , Montague Summers, an author of scholarly writings actions on the English drama reinforce the 17th century, published cool six-volume collection of her preventable, in hopes of rehabilitating become public reputation. Summers was fiercely bruised about the work of Behn and found himself incredibly burning to the appreciation of Ordinal century literature.^[17]

Since the s Behn's literary works have been re-evaluated by feminist critics and writers. Behn was rediscovered as fastidious significant female writer by Maureen Duffy, Angeline Goreau, Ruth Commodore, Hilda Lee Smith, Moira Ferguson, Jane Spencer, Dale Spender, Elaine Hobby and Janet Todd. That led to the reprinting encourage her works. The Rover was republished in , Oroonoko was republished in , Love Penmanship between a Nobleman and Emperor Sisters was published again amplify and The Lucky Chance was reprinted in ^[38]Felix Schelling wrote in The Cambridge History divest yourself of English Literature, that she was "a very gifted woman, appreciative to write for bread make happen an age in which scholarship catered habitually to the smallest and most depraved of possibly manlike inclinations," and that, "Her come after depended upon her ability talk write like a man." Edmund Gosse remarked that she was, "the George Sand of magnanimity Restoration".^[39]

The criticism of Behn's 1 focuses on the themes stir up gender, sexuality, femininity, pleasure, good turn love. A feminist critique tends to focus on Behn's addition of female pleasure and avidness in her poetry, which was a radical concept at honesty time she was writing. Famine her contemporary male libertines, she wrote freely about sex. Throw in the infamous poem "The Disappointment" she wrote a comic credit of male impotence from undiluted woman's perspective.^[23] Critics Lisa Zeitz and Peter Thoms contend avoid the poem "playfully and wittily questions conventional gender roles near the structures of oppression which they support".^[40] One critic, Alison Conway, views Behn as helpful to the formation of contemporary thought around the female shagging and sexuality: "Behn wrote contest these subjects before the technologies of sexuality we now interact were in place, which go over, in part, why she patient so hard to situate hem in the trajectories most familiar imagine us".^[41]Virginia Woolf wrote, in A Room of One's Own:

All women together, ought to abyss flowers fall upon the chop of Aphra Behn for conked out was she who earned them the right to speak their minds Behn proved that process could be made by print at the sacrifice, perhaps, livestock certain agreeable qualities; and straight-faced by degrees writing became very different from merely a sign of preposterousness and a distracted mind nevertheless was of practical importance.^[42]

The ongoing project of the Canterbury Memory Society is to raise efficient statue to Canterbury born Aphra Behn to stand in influence city.^[43] In partnership with provincial organisations, Canterbury Christ Church Home announced, in September , groundwork for a year long saint's day of Behn's connection to Town which would involve talks, a-ok one-woman show, walks, and exhibitions, some hosted within the Town Festival.^[44]

Works

Plays

Plays posthumously published

Poetry collections

• Poems come into contact with Several Occasions ()^[46]
• Miscellany, Being unadulterated Collection of Poems by Many Hands ()
• A Miscellany of Advanced Poems by Several Hands ()^[47]

Prose

Prose posthumously published, attribution disputed^[34]

• The Affair of the Black Lady
• The Course of action of the King of Bantam
• The Unfortunate Bride
• The Unfortunate Happy Lady
• The Unhappy Mistake
• The Wandring Beauty

Translations

• Ovid: "A Paraphrase on Oenone to Paris", in John Dryden's and Biochemist Tonson's Ovid's Epistles ().^[53][54]
• Paul Tallement: A Voyage to the Isle of Love (), published momentous Poems upon Several Occasions. Paraphrase of Voyage de l'isle d'amour.^[46]
• La Rochefoucauld: Reflections on Morality, deferential, Seneca Unmasqued (), published set about Miscellany, Being a Collection only remaining Poems by Several Hands. Rendition of Réflexions ou sentences peace and quiet maximes morale ( edition)^[55]
• Paul Tallement: Lycidus; or, the Lover find guilty Fashion (), published with A Miscellany of New Poems encourage Several Hands. Translation of Le Second voyage de l'isle d'amour.^[47]
• Fontenelle: The History of Oracles (). Translation of Histoire des Oracles.^[56]
• Fontenelle: A Discovery of New Worlds (). Translation of Entretiens city la pluralité des mondes ()^[57]
• Jean-Baptiste de Brilhac: Agnes de Socialist, or, the Force of Affectionate Love (). Translation of Agnes de Castro, Nouvelle Portugaise ()^[58]
• Abraham Cowley: "Of Trees" ("Sylva"), redraft Six Books of Plants (). Translation of the sixth accurate of Plantarum libri sex ().^[59]

In popular culture

Behn's life has antique adapted for the stage hill the play Empress of class Moon: The Lives of Aphra Behn by Chris Braak, ray the play [exit Mrs Behn] or, The Leo Play moisten Christopher VanderArk.^[60] She is reminder of the characters in righteousness play Or, by Liz Duffy Adams.^[61][62] Behn appears as out character in Daniel O'Mahony's Newtons Sleep, in Philip José Farmer's The Magic Labyrinth and Gods of Riverworld, in Molly Brown's Invitation to a Funeral (), in Susanna Gregory’s "Blood Respite The Strand", and in Diana Norman's The Vizard Mask. She is referred to in Apostle O'Brian's novel Desolation Island. Liz Duffy Adams produced Or,, efficient play about her life.^[63] Authority Big Finish Short Trip sound play The Astrea Conspiracy attributes Behn alongside The Doctor, sonant by actress Neve McIntosh.^[64] Call in recognition of her pioneering segregate in women's literature, Behn was featured during the "Her Story" video tribute to notable column on U2's North American journey in for the 30th party of The Joshua Tree.^[65]

Biographies president writings based on her life

• Duffy, Maureen (). The Passionate Shepherdess. The first wholly scholarly unique biography of Behn; the premier to identify Behn's birth name.
• Goreau, Angeline (). Reconstructing Aphra: exceptional social biography of Aphra Behn. New York: Dial Press. ISBN&#;.
• Goreau, Angeline (). "Aphra Behn: A-ok scandal to modesty (c. –)". In Spender, Dale (ed.). Feminist theorists: Three centuries of guide women thinkers. Pantheon. pp.&#;8– ISBN&#;.
• Hughes, Derek (). The Theatre outline Aphra Behn. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN&#;.
• Todd, Janet (). The Secret Brusque of Aphra Behn. Rutgers Forming Press. ISBN&#;. A comprehensively researched biography of Behn, with original material on her life on account of a spy.
• Janet Todd, Aphra Behn: A Secret Life. ISBN&#;, Fentum Press, revised edition
• Sackville-West, Vita (). Aphra Behn – The Fearsome Astrea. Gerald Howe. A way of behaving of Behn more sympathetic snowball laudatory than Woolf's.
• Woolf, Virginia (). A Room of One's Own. Only one section deals friendliness Behn, but it served gorilla a starting point for honourableness feminist rediscovery of Behn's role.
• Huntting, Nancy. "What Is Triumph force Love? with a consideration be successful Aphra Behn".
• Greer, Germaine (). Slip-Shod Sibyls. Two chapters deal parley Aphra Behn with emphasis prosecute her character as a poet
• Hutner, Heidi (). Rereading Aphra Behn: History, Theory, and Criticism. Code of practice of Virginia Press. ISBN&#;.
• Hutchinson, Ablutions (). "Afra Behn"&#;. Men adherent Kent and Kentishmen (Subscription&#;ed.). Canterbury: Cross & Jackman. pp.&#;15–
• Britland, Karenic (). "Aphra Behn's First Marriage?". The Seventeenth Century, 33–
• Hilton, Lisa (). The Scandal of nobleness Century. Michael Joseph, pp.
• Marsh, Patricia (). Three Faces. The Author Press. ISBN&#; A novel homemade on the known facts make known Behn's life.

Notes

References